selenium
5 articles
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Page Object Model: UI Test Architecture So You Don't Drown in Maintenance
Locators and steps right inside tests are a time bomb: change one button and you fix it in 50 places. Page Object Model: a class per page encapsulates locators and actions, tests call methods. What belongs in a Page Object, what doesn't, Component Objects, fluent/loadable, anti-patterns, and when POM is overkill.
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Waits in UI Tests: Why Tests Flake and How to Wait Right
The #1 cause of flaky tests is bad waiting. Why sleep() always loses, why implicit wait is treacherous, how to wait on a condition with explicit wait, what auto-wait changes in Playwright/Cypress, and how to rewrite a flaky test from a timer to a state.
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Playwright vs Cypress vs Selenium in 2026: Which to Pick for E2E
A 2026 comparison of the three main E2E frameworks: Playwright (multi-browser, auto-waiting, Trace Viewer, the default for new projects), Cypress (best DX and time-travel debugging), and Selenium (the W3C standard, most languages and Grid). A difference matrix, who should pick what, and how not to get the choice wrong.
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Locators That Survive a Redesign: A Selector Strategy for UI Automation
UI automation fails from brittle locators far more often than from real bugs. A first-person take: selector priority (role/label → data-testid → text → CSS → XPath last), why positional XPath and auto-generated classes are time bombs, how to agree on data-testid with developers, the dynamic-content and i18n traps, and how it maps across Playwright, Selenium, Cypress, and Appium. With a good-locator checklist and a list of anti-patterns.
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UI Test Automation Architecture: Page Object and What Comes After It
A good automation suite is measured not by the number of tests but by the cost of change. A first-person take: what a Page Object actually is (it hides HOW behind WHAT), why assertions inside the object are an anti-pattern, the layers above Page Object (components, API setup, test data), where people over-engineer, and the rule of three against premature abstraction. Plus the test-of-a-healthy-test: it reads like a user scenario, with no selectors in the body.